Theophylline Essay - 959 Words

Theophylline is inexpensive and worldwide it remains one of the most widely prescribed drugs for the treatment of airway diseases. It has been used for over 70 years in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nonetheless, theophylline has newly turn into a third-line treatment in many modern countries that is only used in some poorly controlled patients. Various protocols of therapy assisted this. It has even been recommended that theophylline is not indicated in any patients with asthma. The prevalence of side effects and the comparably low potency of theophylline have now led to diminished usage because inhaled ÃŽ ²2-agonists are far more efficient as bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids have a†¦show more content†¦Low-dose theophylline pushes an anti-asthma response through rising stimulation of HDAC which is finally enrolled by corticosteroids to abolish inflammatory genes.Drugs affecting microsomal enzyme complexes in the liver c an alter the clearance of theophylline. Other mixed mechanisms (e.g. hepatic uptake) can also be affected by concomitant administration of other drugs. Whatever the mechanism, the interaction may be satisfactory to constrain modification of the theophylline dosage, in preference regulated by plasma theophylline determinations. ïÆ'Ëœ Drugs which increase the clearance of Theophylline: 1) Phenobarbitone: Comedication with Phenobarbitone may depend upon an increase of the theophylline dose by around 30% because of raised clearance arising from enzyme induction. 2) Carbamazepine: With phenytoin and carbamazepine an increase dose of theophylline around 45% can be needed. 3) Rifampicin, Isoniazid and Sulphinpyrazone: With rifampicin, isoniazid or sulphinpyrazone comedication, an increase of the theophylline dose by around 20 to 25% may be required. ïÆ'Ëœ Drugs which decrease theophylline clearance: 1) Erythromycin, propranolol and isoprenaline: making a minimization in the dose of concomitant theophylline recommended with normal doses of erythromycin, propranolol and isoprenalineShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Effects of Caffeine870 Words   |  4 Pagesxanthine derivatives include the bronchodilator theophylline and theobromine, a compound found in cocoa and chocolate. Caffeine is a mild, but direct stimulant at all levels of the CNS that quickens the heart and cardiovascular system as well. The related xanthine, theophylline, share these characteristics and are used in the treatment of pulmonary disease. Both caffeine and theophylline are CNS stimulants, with theophylline exerting more dramatic effects than caffeine atRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Copd )1506 Words   |  7 Pagescontain infected secretion from streptococcal and staphylococcal pneumonia, which can spread to nearby areas of the lungs such as other areas of the body and even to the brain. Pulmonary hypertension, which will be discussed extensively further in this essay, can be caused due to inflammation of the bronchial walls and compensatory vasoconstriction of pulmonary blood vessels (Copstead Banasik, 2013, p. 484). The narrowing of the bronchioles in chronic bronchitis results in an increased resistance toRead MoreCritical Appraisal Of The Clinical Pharmacist1370 Words   |  6 Pages(Hepler strand, 1990). A systematic review of 36 studies about clinical pharmacy services in hospitals illustrated that having a clinical pharmacist in hospitals may lead to better health outcomes (Kaboli, Hoth, McClimon Schnipper, 2006). This essay will critically appraise the general role of the clinical pharmacist in cystic fibrosis, as well as his specific role in some of the involved body systems. Having an exclusively allocated clinical pharmacist for CF reduces medication errors and improvesRead Moremidterm 554 Essay1430 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Grading Summary These are the automatically computed results of your exam. Grades for essay questions, and comments from your instructor, are in the Details section below. Date and Time Started: 9/30/2014 4:52:19 PM Time Spent: 1 h , 28 min , 07 secs Points Received: 42 / 100   (42%) Question Type: # Of Questions: # Correct: Multiple Choice 50 21 Grade Details - Missed Questions Question  1. Question : A 32 Y/O female present to the clinic with 2 week H/O stabbing jaw pain 8/10 with lightening-likeRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Copd )1488 Words   |  6 Pagesmainly treated by pulmonary rehabilitation, medicines and oxygen therapy which minimizes the complications and prevent further damage. This is reflected in Mrs Walker who is a sufferer of COPD and undergoing with an intensive medical treatment. This essay will first examine the pathophysiology and possible causes and risk factors of COPD. Secondly clinical manifestations of COPD and Walker’s physical assessment results will be discussed. Next, a holistic nursing care plan using NANDA diagnosis willRead MoreFederal Drug Policy, And Its Correlation With The Shortage Of Drugs1758 Words   |  8 PagesIn this essay, federal drug policy, and its correlation with the shortage of drugs in Canada, will be considered. In particular, the disruption of drug supply will be considered, with a specific focus on dr ug supply within the province of Ontario. A discussion will ensue surrounding drug pricing and policy, and the ways in which these frameworks can ultimately serve to affect the efficacy of medical treatment and the safety of patients. Finally, the paper will focus on the accountability of multiple