Gastroenteritis Causes And Effects - 1858 Words

Gastroenteritis is a disease that contributes to morbidity and mortality in large numbers worldwide, and is a major cause of hospitalization. Every year 10.5 million children die of Gastroenteritis before reaching the age of five (Ciccarelli, Stolfi, Caramia, 2013). Gastroenteritis can be caused due to many different agents, such as different bacteria, viruses and parasites. However, the primary cause of gastroenteritis in children is due to Rotavirus (Parashar, Nelson, Kang, 2013), accounting for 60% of the cases in children under 24 months (Whinney, Paul, Candy, 2013). Patients with Gastroenteritis present with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramping and abdominal pain due to inflammation of the intestines and the†¦show more content†¦Tachycardia, hypotension and thready pulses are common signa of severe dehydration (Revelas, 2012). The child presents with a temperature of 37 degrees. Viral Gastroenteritis generally present with mild Pyrexia (Van Wyk, 20 15), unlike in Urinary tract infections (Stein et al., 2015) and meningitis, where the temperature will be elevated significantly (Whinney et al., 2013). Similar to gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections and meningitis present with vomiting but bulging fontanelle is a unique manifestation of meningitis (Whinney et al., 2013). Passage of three or more loose stools per day is defined as diarrhea. Gastroenteritis is identified as the most common cause of diarrhea in children (Ciccarelli et al., 2013). The child in this case study is described to have a flat, soft abdomen this may indicate that the gastric load has been emptied and the hyperactive bowel sounds may suggest that there is an increase in intestinal motility (Abdullah Firmansyah, 2013). The stool that the child is passing is liquid with no mucous or blood, this indicates that the gastroenteritis could be of a viral origin such as rotavirus and not of a bacterial origin, as presence of mucus and blood in stool is linked with more invasive germs such as Shigella, Salmonella and Campylobacter Jejuni (Ciccarelli et al., 2013). Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance are common complications following Diarrhea. Lethargy, dry lips and mucous membrane, lowShow MoreRelatedCauses Of Gastroenteritis And Its Effects On The Elderly And The Young1491 Words   |  6 PagesBackground of the Norovirus The most common cause of Gastroenteritis in the United States is triggered by the Norovirus with approximately 21 million cases per year, which contributes to nearly 800 deaths and 71,000-hospitalization annually.1 The virus not only afflict United States Citizens but, persons all over the world. 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